Industrial Revolution (1800’s-1940’s)
35 Decline of Streetcars in American Cities
Justin Reynoso
Introduction
The ascent of automobiles in the early 20th century fundamentally reshaped urban transportation in American cities, playing a pivotal role in the decline of streetcars. Offering unparalleled individual mobility and flexibility, automobiles became symbols of modernity and personal freedom. The increasing affordability of cars broadened ownership, catalyzing a shift away from public transportation. As cities embraced this cultural shift, coupled with improvements in road infrastructure, aggressive marketing campaigns, and continuous technological innovations, the allure of automobiles led to the comprehensive transformation of transportation preferences. The decline of streetcar systems was a multifaceted process influenced not only by the rise of cars but also by changing urban planning priorities and political decisions that favored the growing automotive industry.
Factors that led to the decline
Automobiles offered unprecedented individual mobility, enabling people to travel directly from home to destination without adhering to fixed transit routes. The increasing affordability of cars made car ownership accessible to a broader population, contributing to a shift away from reliance on public transportation. The sense of ownership and control, coupled with the flexibility of personal schedules, further underscored the appeal of automobiles over the structured timetables of streetcars. Improvements in road infrastructure, active marketing campaigns emphasizing the cultural significance of car ownership, and continuous technological innovations in the automotive industry collectively fostered a cultural shift, portraying cars as symbols of modernity and personal freedom. This comprehensive transformation in transportation preferences ultimately led to the decline of streetcar systems, as cities and individuals embraced the newfound convenience and allure of automobile travel.
Changing urban planning played a crucial role in the decline of streetcars in American cities during the early 20th century. As cities evolved and expanded, urban planning decisions increasingly favored automobile-friendly infrastructure, contributing to the marginalization of streetcar systems. The construction of highways and the widening of roads, often designed to accommodate the growing number of automobiles, posed challenges for the fixed routes and tracks of streetcars. City planners prioritized creating roadways that facilitated the movement of cars and buses, relegating streetcar lines to the periphery of transportation considerations. This shift in urban planning not only hindered the efficiency of existing streetcar networks but also discouraged their adaptation to the changing needs of expanding cities. As a result, the built environment became less conducive to the operation of streetcars, further diminishing their role in the overall transportation framework of American cities.
“Junked streetcars” is in the Public Domain
The decline of streetcars in American cities during the early 20th century was also influenced by political decisions and policies that, at times, favored the interests of the growing automotive industry. In some instances, municipal governments actively supported initiatives that prioritized road infrastructure over public transit, reflecting a broader political shift towards accommodating the increasing number of automobiles on the roads. Additionally, policies such as zoning regulations and land-use planning often favored developments that catered to car owners, contributing to the decline of streetcar-friendly urban landscapes. While it’s debated to what extent politicians were directly influenced by the automotive industry, the political climate during this period saw a general inclination towards supporting policies that aligned with the growing popularity and economic interests of the automobile. This political landscape, along with lobbying efforts from influential industry players, may have contributed to the decline of streetcars as policymakers made decisions that favored the dominance of automobiles in American cities.
Connection to sts
The decline of streetcars in American cities, seen in connections with STS, shows technological, social, and societal factors, had a prominent effect in lot of ways. The transition from streetcars to automobiles was a major technological shift during the early to mid-20th century, with the rise of cars presenting a new mode of personal transportation. This shift was not solely driven by technological advancements but also shaped by societal preferences and values. STS shows how technology and society act towards one another, emphasizing that the decline of streetcars was influenced by Americans acceptance of the automobile. The automobile was not merely a means of transportation but also reinforced American feelings of personal freedom and progress. Another social aspect of STS and streetcar decline was the development of highways and changes in urban planning and design that played crucial roles in marginalizing streetcar systems. The design of cities shifted to accommodate cars, contributing to the decline of public transit options. Another view through STS was the equity and social justice implications of the decline, as certain communities, particularly those without access to cars, were disproportionately affected. The social consequences of this technological shift underscore the importance of considering societal impacts in the development and adoption of new technologies.
Missing voices
A missing voice in the context of the decline of streetcars and resulting public planning policies was the Rondo neighborhood of St. Paul, Minnesota. Rondo was a predominantly African American neighborhood in St. Paul. It was a vibrant and close-knit community with a strong cultural identity. When I-94 was built in the 1960s, it cut directly through the heart of the Rondo neighborhood, displacing thousands of residents and demolishing homes and businesses.
Rondo neighborhood in St. Paul, Minnesota, did have access to streetcars before the construction of Interstate 94. Streetcars were a common mode of public transportation in many American cities during the early to mid-20th century, and they played a crucial role in urban mobility. Rondo was served by the Twin City Rapid Transit Company’s streetcar lines. The streetcar system connected various neighborhoods within the Twin Cities, including St. Paul and Minneapolis. It provided residents with a convenient and affordable means of transportation for commuting, shopping, and other daily activities. However, with the advent of automobiles and changes in transportation planning, many cities, including St. Paul, began to transition away from streetcars in favor of buses and private vehicles. The construction of the interstate highway system, such as Interstate 94, further accelerated the decline of streetcar systems in some areas, as mentioned earlier in the context of Rondo. The displacement caused by the construction of I-94 in the Rondo neighborhood not only impacted the physical landscape but also disrupted the existing transportation infrastructure, including the streetcar lines that once served the community. The removal of these transportation options contributed to the challenges faced by Rondo residents during and after the construction of the interstate.
Conclusion
The early 20th century witnessed a profound transformation in American cities’ transportation landscape, driven by the ascendancy of automobiles and the subsequent decline of streetcars. The appeal of automobiles, rooted in unprecedented individual mobility, affordability, and a sense of ownership, reshaped societal attitudes towards transportation. This transformation was further fueled by changes in urban planning, with a shift towards automobile-friendly infrastructure that marginalized streetcar systems. Highways and widened roads designed for cars presented challenges for the fixed routes of streetcars, relegating them to the outskirts of transportation considerations. The decline of streetcars was also influenced by political decisions, as municipal governments, sometimes swayed by the growing automotive industry, prioritized road infrastructure over public transit. Zoning regulations and land-use planning further favored car-oriented developments. As a result, the comprehensive shift in transportation preferences, catalyzed by the ascendancy of automobiles, underscored the decline of streetcars as symbols of a bygone era, giving way to a new era where cities and individuals embraced the convenience and allure of automobile travel.
AI USE DISCLOSURE
Chatgpt was used to assist me in giving me an outline to write this chapter
“Chatgpt.” ChatGPT, openai.com/chatgpt.
I used scite.ai in order to find sources for this chapter.
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